**ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ** Dear brothers and sisters, I'm on a journey to deepen my understanding of Islamic theology and I'm exploring the methodologies of the Athari, Ash'ari and Maturidi schools. My goal is to understand the core appeal and spiritual benefit that we can find in each path. I hope to get answers grounded in facts, supported by citations or books that I can read, without the conflation of personal opinions. **جَزَاكُمُ ٱللَّٰهُ خَيْرًا**

In footnotes of the translation of book "Bad al amali" it's mentioned that if a believer commits grevious sin he isn't a disbeliever. > We, the Ahl al-Sunnah say that regardless of the enormity of a person’s sin, he remains a believer; and Allāh may punish him or forgive him. Additionally the ***SINCERE*** muslims among bani israil who worshipped calf weren't labelled mushrikun in quran. Another relevant incident from sunni corpus is about a man who asked his sons to burn him and disperse his ashes in the sea so that Allah cannot catch him . Isn't this major kufr to deny the ressurection ability of Allah? I am not sure the incident of prophet Adam eating from the tree can fit the above category. Therefore the question are sincere muslims not labelled kaafir/mushrik if they commit major shirk/major kufr. I am not taking into consideration the concept of ***Establishment of proof*** since I am asking this question for sincere muslims only. Sincere muslims promptly accept the mistake once told .

We live in Islamabad after my father's naval transfer. We've made up our minds to migrate here permanently. Even if he's transferred to my birthplace, he'll deny it unless inevitable. Can I shorten my prayer when visiting my hometown? We won’t go back to live there permanently or migrate back there

Allah has said that He would destroy everything, so would He destroy the Kursi too and does that mean that Allah will destroy everything and He will be the only one who will remain in the end?

I have seen on some sites views from Asharis that show that some believe the Qur'an is created while others do not. Need clarity on this subject. Ibn al-Jawzi says in al-Muntadham of al-Ash’ari: “The people never differed that this audible Qur’an is Allah’s Speech, and that Gabriel descended with it upon the Prophet – Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him. The reliable imams declared that the Quran is eternal, while the Mu’tazila claimed that it is created. Al-Ash’ari then agreed with the Mu’tazila that the Quran is created and said: ‘This is not Allah’s Speech. Rather, Allah’s Speech is an Attribute subsisting in Allah’s Essence. It did not descend on the Prophet, nor is it audible

I come from a Christian backround but am considering islam.truly understanding classical theistic divine simplicity led me to Tawheed,but I heard that sunni islam rejects divine simplicity so I am confused to what proofs there are in your system for Tawheed? I heard that in orthodox islam God's attributes are not identical or numerically the same as his essence(Though I heard that in the Maturidi it was but I don't think thats true,yet they deny absolute Divine simplicity),so it seems he can have posterior metaphysical parts wich make him up. why then cannot there be one essence and three 'persons' or subsisting relations like the eternalist modalists hold(catholics) or even three essences giving rise to three persons each(like Social trinitarians believe)? Am I wrong that God has parts in orthodox islamic schools like Maturidi or A'shari? if God is absolutely simple,or if he is absolutely one it would follow that he is absolutely simple wouldn't it,and then it would follow that there can be no internal subsisting relations(like the FSH modalism of the catholics) in a absolutely simple being wich would be a step towards absolute monotheism. But orthodox islam has denied this conception if I am correct? From what angle would the orthodox muslim argue against the Trinity in it's two understandings(Eternal Father-son-spirit modalism of the classical theists and the veiled Tritheism of the Social Trinitarians who reject divine simplicity like Platinga and some modern protestants)is basically what I'm asking? wouldn't a being who's essence is identical to its existance be absolutely simple?A being who's essence is not identical to it's existance is Created.the definition or synonym of a uncreated unconditioned being is a being that has its essence and existance as one and the same,yet from what I've studied this would lead to absolute Divine simplicity wich only the Imamiyah affirm? What am I getting wrong here?and from your perspective as a a'shari or maturidi what are the lists of philosophical arguments for Tawheed against multiplicity of entities as subsisting relations in one essence as the catholics hold,and there being three unique essences and three persons as the social trinitarians hold?

Christians call Isa (Jesus) the "Son of God" whereas Muslims consider this to be blasphemy because of these verses: > **4:171** O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion or say about Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allah and His word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers. And do not say, "Three"; desist - it is better for you. Indeed, Allah is but one God. **Exalted is He above having a son**. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs. > > **6:101** [He is] Originator of the heavens and the earth. **How could He have a son when He does not have a companion** and He created all things? And He is, of all things, Knowing. --- However both worldviews believe Jesus was born of a virgin and essentially *came from God.* > **3:47** She said, "My Lord, how will I have a child when no man has touched me?" [The angel] said, "Such is Allah ; He creates what He wills. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, 'Be,' and it is. They both believe that he was the sinless Savior (messiah) sent as confirming the truth for God. > **3:45** [And mention] when the angels said, "O Mary, indeed Allah gives you good tidings of a word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary - distinguished in this world and the Hereafter and among those brought near [to Allah ]. --- So then, *could Muslims consider Jesus a **spiritual** son of God (in the sense that Jesus came from God) in the same way that Christians do? Is there a verse in the Qur'an that would be opposed to this view?* This is the way that Christians view Jesus, as they don't believe that God had literal sex with Mary, but instead placed a son in her womb.

I'm a revert. So naturally, my knowledge is very limited. However, the Islam I came to is completely different from the one that people I live with practice. They have weird beliefs and Aqeedah like believing in 40 Abdaal that have powers *given to them by Allah*, and as soon as one of them dies, another person takes its place and becomes the new Abdaal. Out of curiosity, I asked one of them for the sources of these beliefs and he cited me [this source](https://makashfa.wordpress.com/2014/03/25/hadith-of-40-abdal-authenticity-and-proofs/) . I managed to find that hadith on Sunnah.com, its reference is [Musnad 896](https://sunnah.com/ahmad:896) : > Shuraih - i.e., bin Ubaid said: The people of Syria were mentioned in the presence of Ali bin Abi Talib (رضي الله عنه) when he was in Iraq. They said: Curse them, O Ameer al-Mu`mineen. He said: No, I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “The abdal (people who are close to Allah) will be in Syria, and they will be forty men. Every time one of them dies, Allah will replace him with another man. By virtue of them rain is sent and through them victory is achieved against the enemy and punishment is warded off from the people of Syria. It is graded weak by Darussalam. The source clearly rejects that and gives reason for it. However, their argument heavily relies on the assumption that in the Musnad Ahmad, the takhrij about the hadith being weak is not from Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal himself. Probably suggesting that it is added by the publisher or something. See the image below. **Question: Is it true that this comment is not by Imam Ahmad? What is really the authenticity of these hadiths and why are there some scholars who seem to not think these stories are fabrication ([like here](https://islamqa.org/shafii/shafiifiqh/30127/narrations-on-the-abdal/)) . And also what are good hadiths or verses from the Qur'an to counter this belief if this is fabrication?** Jazakallahu Khayran!

I've read a few articles with statement of ibn Taymiyyah pointing at a further sects of creed beside the Salafi, Ash'ary and Maturidi which claim to be part of ahl as-Sunna wal Jama'a (or at least derived from them) against the Mu'tazilah. One among these is the sect of al-Kullabiyah -in reference to the sunni theologian ibn Kullaab ابن كُلاَّب‎ One may read for example in Maju' al-Fatawa مجموع الفتاوى (when talking about Allah's speech and the qur'an after explaining the view and interpretation of ibn al-Kullab on whether or not the qur'an is the word of Allah) explaining how a group that partially agreed with ibn Kullaab acted in some disputes: In the following I'm translating from Arabic language, as these translations are of my own take them carefully. > فَصَارَ قَوْلُ هَؤُلَاءِ مُرَكَّبًا مِنْ قَوْلِ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ وَقَوْلِ **الْكُلَّابِيَة** فَإِذَا نَاظَرُوا الْمُعْتَزِلَةَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ نَاظَرُوهُمْ بِطَرِيقَةِ **ابْنِ كُلَّابٍ** وَإِذَا نَاظَرَهُمْ **الْكُلَّابِيَة** عَلَى أَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ الْعَرَبِيَّ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ وَأَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ الَّذِي يَقْرَأهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ نَاظَرُوهُمْ بِحُجَجِ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ. These words became a composite of the words Mu'tazila and telling **Al-Kullabiyah** if they dispute with the Mu'tazila that the Qur'an is the word of Allah and was not created. They would use for this dispute the way of **ibn Kullaab** and if they dispute with **al-Kullabiyah** on the subject that the Arabic Q'uran is the word of Allah and the Qur'an, which Muslims read is the word of Allah they would use arguments of al-Mu'tazila. (Source ) As I've never heard about this sect before I'd be happy if somebody could shed some light on it, its major principals, creed and history. At least it seem to me that this sect does no more exist. Ibn Taymiyyah in fact also quoted much more sects that I've never heard about.

I was wondering about if Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was best of all prophets (A.S)? I hear it from almost every scholar that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was best of all prophets (A.S); But I want to confirm it so please provide a Quranic Verse or Sahih Hadith to support this view. Thanks.

The Hadith about Musa or Moses (pbuh) and the Angel of death can widely be found in Hadith collections (at least sunnah.com gives 4 search results) here just the two major sources: > Abu Huraira reported that the Angel of Death was sent to Moses (peace be upon him) to inform of his Lord's summons. When he came, he (Moses) boxed him and his eye was knocked out. He (the Angel of Death) came back to the Lord and said: You sent me to a servant. who did not want to die. Allah restored his eye to its proper place (and revived his eyesight), and then said: Go back to him and tell him that if he wants life he must place his hand on the back of an ox, and he would be granted as many years of life as the number of hair covered by his hand. He (Moses) said: My Lord what would happen then He said: Then you must court death. He said: Let it be now. And he supplicated Allah to bring him close to the sacred land. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: If I were there, I would have shown you his grave beside the road at the red mound. http://sunnah.com/muslim/43/206 > Narrated Abu Huraira: The angel of death was sent to Moses and when he went to him, Moses slapped him severely, spoiling one of his eyes. The angel went back to his Lord, and said, "You sent me to a slave who does not want to die." Allah restored his eye and said, "Go back and tell him (i.e. Moses) to place his hand over the back of an ox, for he will be allowed to live for a number of years equal to the number of hairs coming under his hand." (So the angel came to him and told him the same). Then Moses asked, "O my Lord! What will be then?" He said, "Death will be then." He said, "(Let it be) now." He asked Allah that He bring him near the Sacred Land at a distance of a stone's throw. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (p.b.u.h) said, "Were I there I would show you the grave of Moses by the way near the red sand hill." http://sunnah.com/bukhari/23/95 - How can this Hadith be explained? - Is it really authentic? - I mean how can such a person like a Prophet and Messenger be willing to live and even attack the Angel of death? - Shouldn't he accept that his lifetime has ended instead of -as it seems- opposing to Allah's wish? - How can the expansion of lifetime be explained? - Is it a deal with Allah and why should Allah make such a deal ...?

Assalamu alaikum brother. I am suffering from waswas. I apprehend to commit major shirk due to waswas. What should I do? Have I left Islam? Please must reply my question.

Assalamu alaikum. I am suffering from waswas.I am confused have I commited shirk or not.I got a fatwa that is if I am not certain, Certainity of Islam is not affected by doubt,my islam is intact.Now my question is if I am confused due to forgetfulness(from shaytan or myself),is my Islam still intact?

So I was just surfing the web. I was typing the number keys in my keyboard. Then suddenly a question appeared in mind. "Can Allah swt change the laws of maths and how it works?" I found an agnostic dude giving the answer below: "You're question implies you are thinking in terms of an anthropomorphic god. If you buy into this version of god then you will quickly find yourself asking questions that will puzzle you. 'If god is so powerful he could make a huge rock that he couldn't lift, but since he is god he should be able to lift it.' The fact that these types of questions arise is not necessarily due to there being no god, but that you are thinking of god in the wrong way. If you were to think of god as infinite and pervading everything then god cannot change anything because that which includes all cannot change. There is nothing to change into since that would mean that he is currently not something that he could change into. This leads to the concept of non-duality and the idea that the underlying reality has no separation within it. You can't call it a 'oneness' because one implies two. It is neither. Consequently, the idea of mathematics or logic becomes irrelevant at the deepest level of reality. The universe simply is now. You are like a wave in the ocean experiencing itself as separate from the ocean. The wave asks, ‘When and where will I find the ocean? Who can give the ocean to me?’ But the wave was always the ocean, from the very beginning, even in its seeking! It’s the ocean looking for itself. Even within the ocean’s failure to find itself it is still the ocean; every wave is one hundred per cent water. As all the authentic spiritual teachers have been telling us for hundreds and thousands of years, you already are that which you seek. 'The dude in the sky' concept of god is an easy idea to believe in and it is an easy idea to refute." Idk if my imaan is weak or not but I'm getting doubts. I know this isn't the right place to ask these questions but I'm getting thoughts like what's the point of life or what's point of living. PLEASE someone help me. What do our Islamic scholars say regarding his points? Jazakallahu Khair.

Assalamu alaikum.Bangladesh is a democratic country.Here are some law in constitution which are given below- 1.Subject to law, public order and morality (a) Every citizen has the right to adopt, practice or propagate any religion; (b) Every religious community and sub-community has the right to establish, maintain and manage its own religious institutions. 2.Any person who has a "willful" or "malicious" intention to "hurt religious sentiments" will be punished with imprisonment. Are these law considered as shirk? My another question : is it shirk giving safety to non muslim's place of worship for keeping communal harmony?    

Assalamu alaikum brother. How are those people who speaks about tawhidi people specially salafi as fundamentalist although they give their identity as Muslim. Are they kafir?

Assalamu alaikum brother. Suppose a man recited ayat ul kursi.but whem his mother asked to him he replied he didn't recite ayat ul kursi. Is it considered as shirk?

Is it permissible for a non-Muslim to pray in the ranks with Muslims?

Assalamu alaikum brother.If I shake hand with a hindu in such a time when I can understand his amulet may be touched with my hand, will it considered as shirk? I will not make him crony.

Al-Qadi an-Nu'man القاضي النعمان or Abu Hanifa al-Nu‘man ibn Muhammad ibn Mansur ibn Ahmad ibn Hayyun al-Tamimi (died 974 CE/ 363 AH) the Isma'ili jurist and official historian of the Fatimid dynasty. Had certainly written a lot of books and papers to defend the Fatmid dynasty and the Isma'ili and in general Shi'a jurisprudence and belief. Arabic Wikipedia says he first was a follower of the Maliki school of fiqh. His name certainly may create confusion with that of abu Hanifa the known Sunni scholar and "founder" of the hanafi maddhab. I wonder if he compiled a book entitled (or maybe referred to as) "Al-Fiqh al-Akbar" - a book with the same title is known to have been compiled by abu Hanifa-, if so what is the topic of this book? Also what books did he write about Creed and Aqeedah?