Islam rather famously disapproves of polytheism, but I have noticed something of an overlap between Islamic and Hindu ideas, and want to know what classical Islamic scholars have concluded on the matter. Muslims and Hindus have lived together in India for centuries, and Mughal Emperors fluctuated between interfaith dialogue and intolerance. Mughal rulers even elevated Hindus to Dhimmi. As far as I understand it, Islam emphasises strict monotheism (no God but Allah), in a way Judaism and Christianity don't. The Second Commandment doesn't deny the existence of other Gods, but rather insists that the God of Abraham must come first. *To clarify; for Muslims Allah is indivisible and absolute (tawhid ), while for most Christians the trinity exists: God is father in heaven, son in Jesus, and Holy Ghost (comparable to the Holy Spirit in Judaism).* *Furthermore, in the Old Testament God phrases things to imply there are other Gods or divine characters of equal status (Genesis 1:26 "Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness"). At least, in this podcast world expert in the New Testament and early Christianity Bart Ehrman concludes as much (1h:20m... I'm not in a position to argue against someone who has studied the oldest copies of the Bible in ancient Greek and Hebrew).* Hinduism is a very broad spectrum of belief and practice, which lacks anything considered an immutable source of absolute truth, like a Torah, Bible, or Quran. However, a common foundational Hindu belief is that the nature of reality is illusionary (Maya versus Atman ), and there is one absolute and ultimate creator God (Brahman). The other Gods are 'avatars', which is to say illusionary forms. The most common interpretation is of a 'supreme divinity' in the Trimurti ; Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, Shiva the destroyer. It's also worth clarifying, as per Britanica.com : > "The trimurti collapses the three gods into a single form with three > faces [...] Scholars consider the doctrine of the trimurti to be an > attempt to reconcile different approaches to the divine with each > other and with the philosophical doctrine of ultimate reality > (brahman)" Many Hindus believe in an 'ultimate reality/truth' in the form of Brahman (easily confused with Brahma ). This is said to be both the source of all existence and an unchanging absolute. Some Hindus are also practically monotheist, in the sense of worshiping Krishna as the source of all reality. This made me wonder... given the coexistence of Muslims and Hindus in India, **there must be classical scholarship by Islamic theologians on the question of how Islam and Hinduism compare with specific regards to Allah and Brahman**. What seems most curious to me, is that if Brahman is understood as a singular, absolute, and ultimate God/reality, then that is essentially Allah without (or pre?) Mohammad. This comparison must surely have been written about by some scholars, presumably most likely during the Mughal Empire. To be clear, I am not interested in a simple definition, but an educated and technical one. I would like the cited opinions of experts who are familiar with both Islam and Hinduism.

As Muslims we do not celebrate holidays like Easter or Christmas. However if you were involved in an interfaith marriage (with someone from the "people of the book"), would the other person be prohibited from celebrating such holidays? Or are they allowed to celebrate as long as you (as a Muslim) do not, but just wish them "well" out of respect and politeness? Where does Islam stand on this?

I'm a Muslim, Alhamdulillah. My wife is a Christian. We got married in the court-house. Bad things started happening to us, and we thought it's probably because we didn't get married the Islamic way, making this haram technically. We are trying to correct that, and are thus looking for perform a nikah in the masjid. The problem is in finding a wali as both of us don't have our relatives here. The following are my questions: 1. Is there anything else required besides both of us and two witnesses being present there? 2. Do the witnesses have to be Muslims? 3. How much does the Imam charge for the Nikah?

I'm a Hindu man and i'm in relationship with a Muslim girl and allah says interfaith marriage is accepted only for Muslim men and not woman and there are some reasons for them. And my major question is if she seeks solution for this they say the man should be converted to Muslim and then only it can be accepted or else she have to leave the relationship and there is nothing if the Muslim girl hurt the feelings of man. And Allah have anything for hurting the feeling is of a man. And why they are not allowing woman for interfaith marriage.

Please what exactly can be reason why making solah, giving out charity, and fasting to Allah even making alot of duha. Still yet have not seen changes of my labour, pains and duha on my education and daily life 😭 Is it possible ALLAH SUBHANAWATA ALLAH HAVE FORGOTTEN ME(one of his slaves)😩

If we [used undoubtable rationality to reach the undoubtable fact that God exists and much more existential facts](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam) , then we indeed have to use it as well to reach the fact that free will exists, or else, it isn't reliable for finding truth. Why I doubt that free will exists: - Everything has a cause except for God, so, with enough knowledge, we can predetermine the future, which doesn't apply to free will, which states that our choices are indeterministic; thus, it is illogical - I never felt that I have free will, I always find myself either driven into a choice or can't choose at all, I really have many choices inhand, but have to be driven into a choice, these are the factors on which my choices depend: - Previous experiences and knowledge - Biological factors - Genetic factors Is free will really logical or not? if yes prove it to me, else, show me on what matters logic can't be applied and why specifically these matters.

What are the reasons or justifications provided in the holy book of the Quran for not having interfaith marriage?
If two humans from different religions (one Muslim and one non-Muslim) like/love each other and want to get married, then why Islam prohibits this given that both are the creations of the same superior almighty Allah?

WARNING: Read this at your own risk of losing your beliefs. I don't believe in Islam (but hopefully I would). I thought I was the only one ever who doubts the truthfulness of rationality, perception and reports, but I recently [asked on Philosophy SE](https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/92551/can-we-doubt-all-knowledge) , and I found people, who are reputable in philosophy, doubt all kinds of knowledge... The reasons for doubting that logic is true: - The existence of free will; because it indicates indeterminism, which is illogical - Why not? What makes it impossible that there is another way of thinking that leads to truth? How can Islamic scientests respond to such doubts? If someone doubts logic, Does that mean he can never become a true believer in Islam?

During the Night Journey, it is proclaimed that the Angel Gabriel expounded on the four rivers when questioned by the Prophet. Water, Milk, Wine and Honey. [Therein are rivers of water that does not alter, and rivers of milk the taste whereof does not change, and rivers of drink delicious to those who drink, and rivers of honey clarified and for them therein are all fruits and protection from their Lord. (Are these) like those who abide in the fire and who are made to drink boiling water so it rends their bowels asunder. (Muhammad \[47\]; 15).][1] Contrasting this to an old translation of the Pentateuch , there are four rivers (angles) mentioned. These are (The People/The Farmers/The Artisans) + (The Priesthood/Sacrificing Priests/Sacredotal Instruction) +(The Learned/ The Scribes) +(State/Military Officials) What, if any, connections may there be between the two views? To drink can be interpreted as to quench the thirst of knowledge, the motivation for a scribe or learned (wine/drink?) They who protect perhaps (priests or state/military officials) but this can be related to milk, that which does not change (the priests who hold the knowledge and prevent corruption)

It's well known that, according to the orthodox Islam, a Muslim man can marry only with a Muslim woman, or a Christian woman, or a Jewish woman. Does this restriction apply to concubines? For example, can a Muslim man take a concubine who's an atheist, or a polytheist, or an agnostic etc. ?

What is the ruling on going to horoscope Facebook pages and channels on YouTube in order to refute them only, because this is shirk and based on myths?

In an interfaith marriage, we know what Muslims can and cannot eat (i.e halal only). For the practicing Christian woman, whilst she has stopped drinking alcohol (in fact, never really drank alcohol but only on special occasions), she has also or is trying to give up eating pork items. The question is: in such a marriage/situation, can the Christian woman eat some pork items even though she is not Muslim and provided the Muslim man keeps things separate, is this allowed/permissible (of course, ensuring Allah SWT is not angry/mad at the Muslim)? We are talking about things like salami or pepperoni. She can eat and keep it separate but in such a marriage, is it possible/allowed?

I know that interfaith marriage is allowed by Muslim man to non-Muslim woman from the people of the book. What I want to know, are there any conditions set by the mujtahids on this type of marriage, i.e., whether the Christian belief should be of a specific type. Like for example, if a non-Muslim woman believes in trinity, would the marriage with a Muslim man still be allowed. Please, answers with reference either Hadith or authoritative books from Mujtahids.

Technically, I'm a born Hindu, but: How can you prove that I had a WILL right after I was born and that I submitted myself to the almighty Allah, hence making me a Muslim? Or, does it all boils down to faith?

I've met a Russian Christian woman. She is a webcam model. She is in love with me, as I her, and I was wondering what the validity of a potential marriage is. She isn't chaste, and I was wondering if this is a problem. How am I able to marry this woman?

I am an American Jew who has been reaching out to Muslim friends and neighbors. To stress the connection I feel, I sometimes describe myself as a fellow (or sister) Semite or say that I consider anti-Semitism to be just as unacceptable whether directed against Jews or Muslims. Is this terminology appropriate, or does it show me to be ignorant or insensitive? I know that not all Muslims (or Jews) are of Middle Eastern descent, although both Islam and Judaism are considered Semitic religions.

In an environment (house) where the woman is of a Christian faith (Catholic) and has crosses around the premises, how can a Muslim man perform his salat's? Is this allowed? Or is the Muslim prohibited from praying in such an area? May Allah SWT guide us all. Ameen.

Salam my apologies for the question which seems to be similar to other questions but I am trying to be specific. As a Muslim man, can I marry a practicing Catholic woman? She practices her faith, as I practice mine - does Allah allow this? I know that we are permitted to marry woman of "the book" provided they are chaste (or repented sincerely) and practicing which makes it lawful to Muslim men - but can she continue to practice her faith after a Nikah? We have spoken about children etc... and have pretty much "ironed" out the detail if we continue but as a Muslim man, I just need to know if Allah makes it permissible for me. Sunni school of thought Thank you.

We know that when we are going to have relations with our spouse that we should always say a dua for Allah to protect us from evil. Question is, how does this work if a Muslim is married to a non-Muslim (but of the people i.e a Christian or Jew)? - Does he still recite the dua? - Does he still put his hand over her forehead and recite the dua? - Does he just say it to himself? Thank you.