I have a hypothetical question. Let's say I don't believe in karma, reincarnation, or any deities of any sort. I also saw in some texts and videos that, to achieve higher awareness, I should not define good or bad either. That I should be equanimous towards everything. If there is no distinction between good and evil, where does morality come from then, in the absence of karma? How do I justify my inclination toward doing good to humanity? Is my question nonsensical? Please help me resolve this conflict.

I know a lot of the Kyoto school were / have been defined as being as panentheists: but were there any **pantheist** Buddhists? And, has any comparative religion scholar defined it as pantheism?

I am reading this book currently called _Buddhism without beliefs_. In this book the author claims that Buddhism is Agnostic. Now Agnosticism is a claim that you are ignorant, or not sure whether God is there or not. I am sure that Buddhist suttas mention several gods, like Brahma etc. Also most modern scholars promote Buddhism as Atheistic, as there is no central creator. What's your take on this?

Is Sakyamuni a "higher power"? I know what I mean, by "higher power" but it may still be opaque, to you. I don't mean a substance, or all powerful personality. But something *like* that. So, I mean to ask, is he *like* the Abrahamic God?

Does a realization or just thorough understanding of impermanence, as it appears in Buddhism, benefit a non-believer in the rest of Buddhism, at all, especially not karma? I'm not asking if they can reach samadhi or be on the path, but if the effect of karma is really quite small and more a matter of character than empirical events, what good does an understanding of impermanence grant, in that sort of world?

I looked around and found a couple of questions and answers on the site that discuss atheism in Buddhism, https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/1690 & https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/1581 it looks like belief in a supreme being may not be a requirement for being a Buddhist. Strictly speaking it is possible for a person to identify as an agnostic or atheist and also identify with any mono or polytheistic church. Though most (*all?*) of those actual religions do not support disbelief in their God(s), so they are not actually compatible. Are the concepts of agnostic or atheist believers compatible with Buddhism? Does the entire belief system or specific sects require the belief in any or a specific supreme being?

We know Buddhism doesn't have a creator God like most religions, however there is the law of Kamma, a law we cannot see and also we cannot prove, in other words, a law that requires faith and cannot be measured like gravity or electromagnetism. Once a Theravada senior monk said that: "Buddhists should not say they don't believe in God, because they believe in the laws of nature and Kamma, it works like a God, a higher force, only not a creator God, not a being we pray to" So, Is kamma "like" a god?