Does Islam have a concept of "innocent lives"? What qualifies?

In the Guardian article Australia's imams council denies grand mufti justified Paris attacks , a press release by the Australian National Imams Council said in part > There is no justification for the taking of innocent lives. The sanctity of human life is guaranteed in Islam. What, if any, is the definition of an "innocent life", and the taking of an innocent life? For example, which of the following counts as innocent lives? - Someone who is currently trying to kill someone. - Someone who has committed murder for no good reason. - Someone who has had homosexual sex. - Someone who has unsuccessfully attempted to smuggle a large amount of illegal narcotic drugs from one country to another. - A woman or man who has harmed the namus (ناموس, honor) of her or his family. - Someone who has paid taxes to the wrong government.