Can non-inifinite beings make logical deductions about infinite properties of God?

Some of the least useful discussions I've seen in Christianity revolve around the absolute, superlative properties of God. "God is infinitely good, therefore, He ..."; "God is infinitely just, therefore He ...". For example, I've seen friends posit conclusions based on God's all-knowing, all-foreseeing with absolute confidence in ways that make Him seem less good or just. Q: Do either the bible or church fathers offer any caveats on us (we limited beings) making logical inferences from statements on God's infinite character?