What are the details of the "protection" promised to polytheists in 9:6?

Bismillah, I've seen many answers on this website, and passages of books of fiqh where the author uses the verse of the sword (9:5): "kill the polytheists wherever you find them", to argue that all polytheists, everywhere in the world must be killed excluding the Jews, Christians and Magians (excluding the apostates among them). However, it apparently seems to me that this interpretation contradicts the very next verse which says: "and if any of the polytheists asks you for protection, then give hive him protection until he hears the word of Allah, then transfer him to his place of safety", so it seems that any polytheist can simply get away from execution by simply asking for amnesty! Now, I know that Imams Shafii and Ahmad RH were obviously not so dumb, that they would ignore the literal next verse. So I really wanted to understand it. I thus referred to modern commentaries like that of Mufti Taqi Uthmani, as well as the classical masterpiece called Tafsir alTabari. However, neither of them explained the verse to me in a satisfactory way. I'm still really confused about what kind of protection (or 'amanah' in Arabic) this verse is referring to, how long it's supposed to last, and most importantly, if it can save a polytheist from death if he refuses to convert to Islam. I'ld really appreciate a detailed tafsir using references from the Prophet SAW, Sahabah, and senior tabi'in. Jazak Allah! Edit: I also checked the tafsir of Imam Ibn Abi Hatim RH. There, [he narrated from Mujhaid bin Jabr RH](https://shamela.ws/book/8658/1746#p1) that, "transfer him to his place of safety" means to return him to wherever he came from. However, I'm even more confused now, as I'm wondering if this means that muslims can immediately kill him once he's been returned to his place of origin as the amnesty is now over!