How does the Catholic Church reconcile its doctrine of a divine plan with the disorder and randomness of life?

In light of the teachings of the Catholic Church, which acknowledges that God created the universe according to a plan, and that everything that exists has purpose, can we understand why life, despite deliberate decisions and avoidance of bad choices, often turns out to be an unordered set of random events? Can this disorder be considered a consequence of sin, even in the case of the innocent, such as children below the age of 5, who do not yet have the full capacity for moral choice? Is the teaching of the Catholic Church, in this regard, conflicting or converging with other fields such as philosophy, ethics, and others?