Does Christianity give a reason for life experiences, such as in Hinduism?

In Hinduism, there is a concept of past life karma . Meaning if someone is born into an unfortunate situation (in a slum, for example) it is because they are paying for sin from a past life. Does Christianity or the Bible give any insight into why it seems like some people are here on vacation and others full of strife and sorrow (and everything in between)? Also, did Jesus specifically address this (or did any of His disciples ask about this)?