What level of submission do Catholics give to random things the Pope says?

I was listening to the Megyn Kelly show [Episode 193](https://open.spotify.com/episode/1dRLnle1ogX2duOycsHRQ2?si=015271e5f0154711) about 1:30 into it with her interview with Alan Dershowitz he called her something like a heretic for having views contrary to Pope Francis on the subject of vaccines (not that she wasn't already vaccinated herself, but she's apparently opposed to mandates). Now, Mr. Dershowitz is Jewish and probably not a great authority on Catholicism, but I thought I'd ask this question here because if a smart person like him can think that any utterance of the Pope is infallible, then that is probably a common misconception. However, I'm guessing there's some sort of respect we should give the Holy Father's opinions on matters of health, politics and science. So I'd like to know, on the scale of 10 to 1 (Dogma, being 10, and unapproved private revelation, being 1), where do comments from the Holy Father fit? Does it matter if he gives those comments to reporters on an airplane vs. in an official address at St. Peters. What about the various kinds of writings (motu proprios, encyclicals, etc...)