Which Episcopal Conferences set alternatives for abstinence on Fridays?

The canon law requires Catholics to hold every Friday (except certain solemnities) as a abstinence day (e.g. abstaining from meat), but also grants the episcopal conferences the possibility to require the abstinence from other foods or even to substitute other forms of penance. The applicable canons read as follows: > Can. 1250 The penitential days and times in the universal Church are **every Friday of the whole year** and the season of Lent. > > Can. 1251 Abstinence from meat, **or from some other food as determined by the Episcopal Conference**, is to be observed on all Fridays, unless a solemnity should fall on a Friday. Abstinence and fasting are to be observed on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. and > Can. 1253 The conference of bishops can determine more precisely the observance of fast and abstinence as well as **substitute other forms of penance**, especially works of charity and exercises of piety, in whole or in part, for abstinence and fast. I've heard that e.g. many US-Catholics do only refrain from eating meat on Fridays during Lent (presumably making use of such an episcopal decision). Since I grew up in Germany this seemed rather odd to me. Question (bundled together but related): 1. Which (other) Episcopal Conferences institute such alternatives to abstinence? 2. Is it rather common or seldom to limit abstinence to such few occurrances? 3. What other forms of penance are substituted in these cases? ---------------------- **Note:** It seems the terminology in this question got a bit mixed up (See AthanasiusOfAlex' comment). In English "fasting" is currently described as eating less than two meals a day (as on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday in the Latin church); "abstinence" simply means no meat. This question is about the latter.