How do new converts to Christianity learn about the Bible, Christian faith, and Christian practices?

When a person converts or decides to convert to Christianity, they might believe in Christ but not have a strong body of knowledge and understanding of the Bible. They also may know very little about the Christian faith itself. What is an overview of common practices in the Catholic, Protestant, and Evangelical denominations to teach new converts more about these things so that they can become full members and take part in ministry within the church? Note: this question was written and answered to address [this deleted question](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/40919/how-to-understand-the-bible-better-by-questions) , in which a new convert asked for advice on learning about the faith. Since that question was off-topic and was promptly deleted, I referred that asker to this on-topic question and answer.