The Buddhist view of consciousness - Materialist, Dualist or Idealist?

Philosophers of mind, such as David Chalmers, now recognize three general approaches to the question – what is consciousness? 1. **Materialism** - Materialism is the view that the mind is what the brain does. This is often stated as the mind is caused by the brain. The brain is the physical substance, while the mind or consciousness is a process that emerges from the brain. 2. **Dualism** - Dualism is the position that consciousness is something separate from the brain and not entirely caused by it. It may be a separate property of the universe (property dualism) or be something beyond the confines of our material universe. Whatever it is, it does not reduce to the firing of neurons in the brain, which cannot, in the opinion of dualists, explain subjective experience. 3. **Idealism** - The third position, the one is idealism – the claim that consciousness is all there is and the physical universe, including the brain, is a manifestation of consciousness. Explaining the position, Bernardo Kastrup uses the metaphor of a river, where the flowing water is consciousness. The material world is like a whirlpool in the stream – the whirlpool has a definite existence in time and space, you can point to it and say, “there it is,” but it is comprised entirely of the stuff of consciousness. Which position is the most closely aligned with Buddhist schools?