How is the romanized Pali Tipitaka on tipitaka.org formatted?

Looking at [tipitaka.org/romn](https://tipitaka.org/romn/) , I have a few questions about the XML markup used for it, so I can better understand the significance of each thing. ### The ’’ symbol? Take this paragraph as one reference: > 25. Atha kho sudinno kalandaputto aciravuṭṭhitāya parisāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho sudinno kalandaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yathā yathāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi , nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ; icchāmahaṃ, bhante, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Pabbājetu maṃ bhagavā’’ti. ‘‘Anuññātosi pana tvaṃ, suddinna, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, bhante, anuññāto mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ‘‘Na kho, sudinna, tathāgatā ananuññātaṃ mātāpitūhi puttaṃ pabbājentī’’ti. ‘‘Sohaṃ, bhante, tathā karissāmi yathā maṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. What do the double special single quote characters ’’ mean? They appear to come at the beginning of a sentence, or two characters before the end of the sentence, but maybe that is just in this context. Yeah they also appear in other places too: > Dutiyampi kho sudinnassa kalandaputtassa mātāpitaro sudinnaṃ kalandaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta sudinna, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparihato. Na tvaṃ, tāta sudinna, kiñci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi mayaṃ te akāmakā vinā bhavissāma, kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti! Tatiyampi kho sudinno kalandaputto mātāpitaro etadavoca – ‘‘ammatātā , yathā yathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ; icchāmahaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ . Anujānātha maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ### The ... You see that a lot, does it mean something was missing or was that part of the original somehow? What does it mean? > Bhikkhupaccatthikā tiracchānagatubhatobyañjanakaṃ jāgarantaṃ… suttaṃ… mattaṃ… ummattaṃ… pamattaṃ… mataṃ akkhāyitaṃ… mataṃ yebhuyyena akkhāyitaṃ…pe… āpatti pārājikassa. Mataṃ yebhuyyena khāyitaṃ bhikkhussa santike ānetvā vaccamaggena… passāvamaggena… mukhena aṅgajātaṃ abhinisīdenti, santhatassa asanthatassa, asanthatassa santhatassa, santhatassa santhatassa, asanthatassa asanthatassa. So ce pavesanaṃ sādiyati, paviṭṭhaṃ sādiyati, ṭhitaṃ sādiyati , uddharaṇaṃ sādiyati, āpatti thullaccayassa…pe… na sādiyati, anāpatti. ### The multiple titles In one of the pages, the start of the XML looks like this: <p rend="chapter">Dhammapaccanīye dukapaṭṭhānaṃ</p> <p rend="title">1. Hetudukaṃ</p> <p rend="title">1-7. Paṭiccavārādi</p> <p rend="subhead">Paccayacatukkaṃ</p> <p rend="subhead">Hetupaccayo</p> What does it mean that there are 2 title and also 2 subhead? That is 4 titles? Sometimes you see 3 title and no subhead, or 2-4 subhead and no title. Does it have significance or no? ### The paragraph numbers Sometimes a page starts with 1, other times it starts with a later number, such as this: <p rend="chapter">1. Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ</p> <p rend="title">1. Paṭhamapārājikaṃ</p> <p rend="subhead">Sudinnabhāṇavāravaṇṇanā</p> <p rend="bodytext" n="24">24. Ito paraṃ tena kho pana samayena vesāliyā avidūretiādi yebhuyyena uttānatthaṃ. Tasmā anupadavaṇṇanaṃ pahāya yattha yattha vattabbaṃ atthi, taṃ tadeva vaṇṇayissāma. Kalandagāmoti kalandakā vuccanti kāḷakā, tesaṃ vasena laddhanāmo gāmo. Kalandaputtoti gāmavasena laddhanāmassa rājasammatassa cattālīsakoṭivibhavassa kalandaseṭṭhino putto. Yasmā pana tasmiṃ gāme a&#241;&#241;epi kalandanāmakā manussā atthi, tasmā kalandaputtoti vatvā puna seṭṭhiputtoti vuttaṃ. Sambahulehīti bahukehi. Sahāyakehīti sukhadukkhāni saha āyanti upagacchantīti sahāyā, sahāyā eva sahāyakā, tehi sahāyakehi. Saddhinti ekato. Kenacideva karaṇīyenāti kenacideva bhaṇḍappayojanauddhārasāraṇādinā kiccena; kattikanakkhattakīḷākiccenātipi vadanti. Bhagavā hi kattikajuṇhapakkhe vesāliṃ sampāpuṇi. Kattikanakkhattakīḷā cettha uḷārā hoti. Tadatthaṃ gatoti veditabbo.</p> <p rend="bodytext">Addasa khoti kathaṃ addasa? So kira nagarato bhuttapātarāsaṃ suddhuttarāsaṅgaṃ mālāgandhavilepanahatthaṃ buddhadassanatthaṃ dhammasavanattha&#241;ca nikkhamantaṃ mahājanaṃ disvā ‘‘kva gacchathā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Buddhadassanatthaṃ dhammasavanattha&#241;cā’’ti. Tena hi ‘‘ahampi gacchāmī’’ti gantvā catubbidhāya parisāya parivutaṃ brahmassarena dhammaṃ desentaṃ bhagavantaṃ addasa. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘addasa kho…pe… desenta’’nti. Disvānassāti disvāna assa. Etadahosīti pubbe katapu&#241;&#241;atāya codiyamānassa bhabbakulaputtassa etaṃ ahosi. Kiṃ ahosi? Yaṃnūnāhampi dhammaṃ suṇeyyanti . Tattha yannūnāti parivitakkadassanametaṃ. Evaṃ kirassa parivitakko uppanno ‘‘yamayaṃ parisā ekaggacittā dhammaṃ suṇāti, aho vatāhampi taṃ suṇeyya’’nti.</p> What does that paragraph number mean, is it used elsewhere, why is it important? ### The hidden `` tags? In the XML, you see ` and other Paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

<p rend="bodytext">Tatridaṃ samantapāsādikāya samantapāsādikattasmiṃ –</p> <p rend="gatha1">Ācariyaparamparato, nidānavatthuppabhedadīpanato;</p> <p rend="gathalast">Parasamayavivajjanato, sakasamayavisuddhito ceva.</p> <p rend="gatha1">Bya&#241;janaparisodhanato, padatthato pāḷiyojanakkamato;</p> <p rend="gathalast">Sikkhāpadanicchayato, vibhaṅganayabhedadassanato.</p> <p rend="gatha1">Sampassataṃ na dissati, ki&#241;ci apāsādikaṃ yato ettha;</p> <p rend="gathalast">Vi&#241;&#241;ūnamayaṃ tasmā, samantapāsādikātveva.</p> <p rend="gatha1">Saṃvaṇṇanā pavattā, vinayassa vineyyadamanakusalena;</p> <p rend="gathalast">Vuttassa lokanāthena, lokamanukampamānenāti.</p> <p rend="centre">Paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.</p> Sometimes the gatha tags are listed in order, with gathalast at the end, other times they are gatha1-gatha4-gatha3-gatha2-gathalast or 4-3-2-1-last or other sequences. What does that mean? They appear to be verses at the UI level, but why are the encoded this way (and sometimes out of order)?