How does the Buddha subdue fear in MN4?

In MN4 does the Buddha subdue the fear by: - Observing it with mindfulness until it goes away, thereby seeing the Three Characteristics? - Subdue it with samatha meditation, i.e. to shift attention away from the fear, thereby gaining temporary seclusion from it? > So when fear & terror came to me while I was walking back & forth, I > would not stand or sit or lie down. I would keep walking back & forth > until I had subdued that fear & terror. When fear & terror came to me > while I was standing, I would not walk or sit or lie down. I would > keep standing until I had subdued that fear & terror. When fear & > terror came to me while I was sitting, I would not lie down or stand > up or walk. I would keep sitting until I had subdued that fear & > terror. When fear & terror came to me while I was lying down, I would > not sit up or stand or walk. I would keep lying down until I had > subdued that fear & terror. MN 4